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Aspect of Arab Dress

The graceful silhouette a familiar sight through- OF out Arabia. The thobe, as it is correctly known, is deceptively simple in style; fashion is now a ARAB prerequisite and the DRE  thobe is subject to its vagaries. A new slant to the pocket, an alteration to the line, a spot of trim on the bodice – all of these have had – or will have – their day.

One result of these changes is that national characteristics have become blurred. The Omanis and the Yemenis are still instantly recognisa­ble, but of the other nations involved, only Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia retain some elements of the original national dress.

thobe arab

In the case of Kuwait, the thobe, also known as the dishdasha, features a medium-height, semi-stiff mandarin col­lar, uncovered front buttons, slim sleeves and panels inset at the sides to produce a pronounced A-shape. Saudi style is a high, stiffened man­darin collar, slightly-eased sleeves set on a small yoke and a skirt which falls straight to the ankles. The UAE combines the Kuwaiti and Saudi styles, frequently with wider sleeves left open at the wrists.

In Qatar, a collar and cuffs are still options even though the vogue which introduced them in the 1940s and 1950s has faded. That was the period during which the western suit jacket, worn over the thobe, took all Arabia by storm. The Hijazi style (named after the Hijaz in Saudi Arabia) comes and goes regularly. In the 1950s, it fitted closely to the body and was considered effeminate. Then came platform shoes with their high Spanish heels, and the Hijazi was disco­vered to provide the perfect balance to a now gently-swaying silhouette and help virgin coconut oil for hair. It passed out of favour again in the mid-1970s, only to make a comeback when Arab youth joined the rest of the world in the fitness campaign and a trim outline became the ultimate goal.

thobe

But back to the dictates of fashion, which have raised the simple, shirt-like thobe almost to an art form. In much of the Gulf, visitors can now see thobes on which the front buttoning is hidden behind a tailored flap or accentuated by the use of Swiss braids and silk-covered loop buttons. An inverted pleat is inserted in the skirt, from the last button, thereby provid­ing ease of movement without detracting from the tailored lines. Collars are short and soft, rarely higher zeboun, has dropped completely by the wayside, even for winter. This is a shame, as it was a very distinguished garment with its outer layer which was entirely embroidered by hand or of paisley-pat­terned satin, full length to the ankles fal­ling from a single button at the neck.

The ghutra, or headkerchief, has undergone rapid transformation and now provides great opportunity for individual expression. High fashion at the moment is a ghutra of finest white voile, either plain or embroidered in sprays of flowers. Instantly up-to-the-minute is a final flip made by pulling the ghutra between three fingers so that three equal folds are formed directly over the centre forehead.

thobe

One side of the ghutra lifted back is considered dashing and both sides turned up give the wearer a casual air. Although it is no longer so, the defini­tion used to be very clear in ghutras: Gulf Arabs wore a thick beige cotton in sum­mer or a Kashmiri Paisley shawl in winter. The exception was Saudi Arabia where red and white checks were used.

The black and white check ghutra was once worn only in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine, but has spread all over the Arab world since it was adopted in 1948 as a symbol of solidarity with the Palestinian cause.

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The near-death experience

Many people have experienced an OOBE for the first time through being involved in a serious accident. In 1964 David “Taylor and a friend were spending the last few weeks of their tour of East Africa in northern Tanzania, when they had a serious collision with a lorry. David nearly died as a result of his injuries.

We had been driving through the game park and had just turned on to the main road to Moshi. It was dusk and I was sitting half-asleep in the passenger seat.

`I was suddenly woken by my friend, who was delighted to see the first vehicle we had come across in six hours, driving down towards us. Either my friend or the other driver must have been half-asleep, too, for within seconds the two vehicles drove smack into each other.

collision with a lorry

`As the two vehicles collided, I suddenly found that I was watching the scene from several yards up in the air, as if I were suspended above the road. I saw our own Land-Rover colliding with a large lorry. I watched as I was thrown from the Land-Rover and my friend then climbed out unhurt and came back to examine my body. I also saw the lorry drive off. I remember thinking that I looked a terrible mess lying there on the road and could well be dead.

`The next thing I knew was coming to in Moshi Hospital. I had been uncon­scious for two days with serious injuries. I told my friend what I had seen and he confirmed that it was indeed a lorry that had run into us and that it had driven on. I had only been saved because another car had come down the road soon after­wards and taken me to the hospital.

`The whole experience, even after all these years, has left me completely un­afraid of death.’

 

On the evening of Friday, 26 May 1979 the world was shocked to learn that an American Airlines DC-I0 airliner had crashed — a mass of flames and twisted wreckage — on take-off from Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. The lives of 273 people were lost in the worst disaster in the history of flying in the United States.

collision with a lorry

In Cincinnati, Ohio, 23-year-old office manager David Booth sat slumped in horrified disbelief in front of his television. For s0 consecutive nights before the disaster he had had the same terrible nightmare. First, he heard the sound of engines failing, then looked on helplessly as a huge American Airlines aeroplane swerved sharply, rolled over and crashed to the ground in a mass of red and orange flames. Not only did he see the crash and hear the explosion, he also felt the heat of the flames. Each time he awoke in terror and was obsessed all day by the memory of the hideous dream. He was sure it was a premonition: `There was never any doubt to me that something was going to happen,’ he said. `It wasn’t like a dream. It was like I was standing there watching the whole thing — like watching television.’

After several nights he could no longer keep his terrible premonition to himself and, on Tuesday, 22 May 1979, he telephoned the Federal Aviation

 

 

A nightmare comes true

On the evening of Friday, 26 May 1979 the world was shocked to learn that an American Airlines DC-I0 airliner had crashed — a mass of flames and twisted wreckage — on take-off from Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. The lives of 273 people were lost in the worst disaster in the history of flying in the United States.

In Cincinnati, Ohio, 23-year-old office manager David Booth sat slumped in horrified disbelief in front of his television. For s0 consecutive nights before the disaster he had had the same terrible nightmare. First, he heard the sound of engines failing, then looked on helplessly as a huge American Airlines aeroplane swerved sharply, rolled over and crashed to the ground in a mass of red and orange flames. Not only did he see the crash and hear the explosion, he also felt the heat of the flames. Each time he awoke in terror and was obsessed all day by the memory of the hideous dream. He was sure it was a premonition: `There was never any doubt to me that something was going to happen,’ he said. `It wasn’t like a dream. It was like I was standing there watching the whole thing — like watching television.’

in hospital

After several nights he could no longer keep his terrible premonition to himself and, on Tuesday, 22 May 1979, he telephoned the Federal Aviation

Authority at the Greater Cincinnati Airport. Then he called American Air­lines and a psychiatrist at the University of Cincinnati. They listened sympa­thetically, but that didn’t make David Booth feel any better. Three days later, almost out of his mind with worry, he heard the news of the DC-10 crash.

The Federal Aviation Authority had taken David Booth’s call seriously enough to attempt — in vain — to match up the details of his nightmare with some known airport or aeroplane somewhere in the country. When they heard the news of the crash, the details tallied all too well. ‘It was uncanny,’ said Jack Barker, public affairs officer for the southern region of the FAA. ‘There were dif­ferences, but there were many simila­rities. The greatest similarity was his calling [naming] the airline and the airplane . . . and that [the plane] came in inverted.’ Booth had mentioned a ‘three-engine aircraft’ resembling a DC- 10 and the crash site he described was similar to the airport at Chicago.

David Booth stopped having nightmares once the disaster had hap­pened, but he continued to feel dis­turbed by the whole affair. ‘How can you make sense of something like that?’ he asked. ‘There’s no explanation for it. No meaning. No conclusion. It just doesn’t make sense.’

By

A lesson for Mr.Beamish

Mr Beamish received the sulphon­amide unsmilingly, and as I opened my car door I felt a gush of relief that the uncomfortable visit was at an end. I was starting the engine when one of the apprentices panted up to the trainer.

“It’s Almira, sir. I think she’s chokin’ !”

“Choking!” Beamish stared at the boy, then whipped round to me, “Almira’s the best filly I have. You’d better come !”

With a feeling of doom, I hurried after the squat figure back into the yard where another lad stood by the side of a beautiful chestnut filly.

race horse trainer

She stood immobile, and the rise and fall of her ribs was accompan­ied by a rasping, bubbling wheeze.

“What the devil’s wrong with her?” Beamish exclaimed. I didn’t have a clue to the answer. As I walked round the animal, tak­ing in the trembling limbs and ter­rified eyes, a jumble of thoughts crowded my brain. I had seen “choking” horses—the dry choke when the gullet becomes impacted with food—but they didn’t look like this. I felt my way along the course of the oesophagus, and it was perfectly clear.

“Well, damn it, I’m asking you! What is it?” Mr Beamish was be­coming impatient, and I couldn’t blame him.

“Just a moment, while I listen to her lungs.”

“Just a moment!” the trainer burst out. “Good God, man, we haven’t got many moments ! This horse could die !”

He didn’t have to tell me. I had seen that ominous trembling of the limbs before, and now the filly was beginning to sway a little. Time was running out.

Dry-mouthed, I put my stetho­scope to her chest. I knew there was nothing wrong with her lungs—the trouble seemed to be in the throat

area      but it gave me a little more
time to think. Even with the stetho­scope in my ears I could still hear Beamish’s voice.

race horse trainer

“It would have to be this one ! Sir Eric Horrocks gave £5,000 for her last year. Are you sure Mr Far-non isn’t available ?”

“I’m sorry,” I replied huskily. “He’s over 3o miles away.”

The trainer seemed to shrivel within himself. “That’s it, then. We’re finished. She’s dying.”

And he was right. The filly had begun to reel about. It was when I was resting my hand on her flank to steady her that I noticed the little swelling under the skin. It was a circular plaque, like a penny push­ed under the tissue. And there was another one higher up on the back . . . and another and another. My heart gave a quick double thump. So that was it.

“What am I going to tell Sir Eric ?” the trainer groaned. “That his filly is dead and the vet didn’t know what was wrong with her?”

I called over my shoulder as I trotted towards the car. “I never said I didn’t know. I do know. She’s got urticaria.”

He came shambling after me.

“Urti        . what the blazes is that?”

“Nettle rash,” I replied, fumbling among my bottles for the adrenalin. “It’s an allergic condition, usually pretty harmless, but in a very few cases it causes oedema of the larynx. That’s what we’ve got here.” I drew 5 cc of the adrenalin into the syringe and started back.

It was difficult to raise the vein as the filly staggered around, but she came to rest for a few seconds and I dug my thumb into the jugular fur­row. As the big vessel came up tense and turgid I thrust in the needle and injected the adrenalin. I step­ped back and stood by the trainer.

Neither of us said anything. The spectacle of the toiling animal and the harrowing sound of the breath­ing absorbed us utterly. Finally I shrugged. “There’s a chance, if the injection reduces the fluid in the larynx in time. We’ll just have to wait.”

He nodded, and I could read more than one emotion in his face; not just the dread of breaking the news to the famous owner but the distress of a horse-lover as he wit­nessed the plight of a beautiful animal.

At first I thought it was imagina­tion, but it seemed that the breath­ing was becoming less stertorous. Then I noticed that she was able to swallow.

From that moment, events mov­ed with unbelievable rapidity. The symptoms of allergies appear with dramatic suddenness, but mercifully they often disappear as quickly, fol­lowing treatment. Within 15 min­utes the filly looked almost normal.

race horse trainer

“I can’t believe it,” the trainer muttered almost to himself. “I’ve never seen anything work as fast as that injection.”

I felt as though I was riding on a pink cloud. Thank God there were moments like this among the trau­mas of veterinary work; the sudden transition from despair to triumph, from shame to pride.

I almost floated to the car, and as I settled in my seat, Beamish put his face to the open window.

“Mr Herriot . . .” He was not a man to whom gracious speech came easily. “Mr Herriot, I’ve been think­ing . . . you don’t really have to be a horsy man to cure horses, do you?”

There was something like an ap­peal in his eves as we gazed at each other. I laughed suddenly, and his expression relaxed. It was an inde­scribable satisfaction to hear voiced the conviction I had always held.

“I’m glad to hear somebody say that at last,” I said to him, and drove away.

By

Race­horse trainer

The irascible racehorse trainer knew far more about his charges than the callow young vet—or so he thought

You have to put up with a cer­tain amount of cheek in most jobs, and veterinary practice is no exception. Even now I can recall the glowering, imperious face of Ralph Beamish, a local race­horse trainer, as he watched me get­ting out of my car.

 race­horse trainer

“Where’s Mr Farnon?” he grunt­ed impatiently.

My toes curled. I had heard that often enough, especially among Darrowby’s stuffy horse fraternity.

“I’m sorry, Mr Beamish, but he’ll he away all day, and I thought I’d better come along rather than leave it till tomorrow.” He made no attempt to hide his disgust.

“Well, come on, then.” He turned and stumped away on his short legs towards one of the stalls that bordered the yard. I sighed in­wardly as I followed.

Being an “unhorsy” vet in York­shire was a penance at times, espe­cially in a racing stable like this, which was an equine shrine. My employer and fellow veterinary sur­geon, Siegfried Farnon, was able to talk the horse language. He could discuss, effortlessly and at length, the breeding and points of his pa­tients; he rode, he hunted, he even looked the part with his long aris­tocratic face, clipped moustache and lean frame.

The trainers loved him, and some, like Beamish, took it as a mortal insult when Siegfried failed to come in person to minister to their valu­able charges.

Beamish called to one of the lads, who opened a stall door and led out a bay gelding. There was no need to trot the animal to diagnose the af­fected leg; he nodded down on his near fore in an unmistakable way.

“I think he’s lame in the shoul­der,” Beam ish said.

I went round the other side of the horse. “This seems to be the trouble, Mr Bcamish. I think he must have struck himself with his hind foot just there.”

“Where ?” The trainer leaned over me and peered down at the leg. “I can’t see anything.”My hackles began to rise at his tone, but I kept my voice calm. “I’m sure that’s what it is. I should apply a hot antiphlogistine poultice just above the fetlock and alternate with a cold hose on it twice a day.”

“Well, I’m just as sure you’re wrong. It’s not down there at all. The way that horse carries his leg, he’s hurt his shoulder.” He gestur­ed to the lad. “Harry, see that he gets some heat on that shoulder right away.”

If the man had struck me I couldn’t have felt worse. I opened my mouth to argue, but he was al­ready walking away. There’s another horse I want you to look at,” he said. He led the way into a near-by stall and pointed to a big brown animal with signs of blistering on the tendons of a fore limb.

“Mr Farnon treated that leg six months ago. He’s been resting in here ever since. D’you think he’s ready to go out ?”

I ran my fingers over the length of the flexor tendons, feeling for signs of thickening. There were none. Then I lifted the foot and, as I ex­plored further, I found a tender area in the superficial flexor.

I straightened up. “He’s still a bit sore,” I said. “I think it would be safer to keep him in for a bit longer.”

“Can’t agree with you,” Beamish snapped. He turned to the lad. “Turn him out, Harry.”

I stared at him. Was this a deliberate campaign to make me feel small?

“One thing more,” Beamish said. “There’s a horse through here been coughing.”

We went through a narrow pas­sage into a smaller yard, and Harry entered a stall and got hold of a horse’s head collar. I followed him, fishing out my thermometer.

As I approached the animal’s rear end, he laid back his ears, whinnied and began to caper around. I hesi­tated, then nodded to the lad.

“Lift his foreleg while I take his temperature, will you?” I said.

The lad bent down and seized the foot, but Beamish broke in. “Don’t bother, Harry, there’s no need for that. He’s quiet as a sheep.”

race­horse trainer

I shrugged, lifted the tail and pushed the thermometer into the rectum.

The two hind feet hit me almost simultaneously, and I sailed back­wards through the door. Stretched on the concrete of the yard, I gasped and groaned in a frantic search for breath, Through the open door I could see Harry hanging on to the horse’s head and staring at me with frightened eyes. Mr Beamish, on the other hand, showed no interest in my plight; he was examining the horse’s hind feet, obviously worried lest they may have sustained some damage by coming into contact with my nasty hard ribs.

Slowly I got up and drew some long breaths. I was shaken but not really hurt. My only emotion as I went back in was cold rage. “Lift that bloody foot like I told you!” I shouted at the unfortunate Harry.

“Right, sir ! Sorry, sir !” He bent, lifted the foot and held it cupped firmly in his hands.

I turned to Beamish to see if he had any observation to make, but the trainer was silent. This time I took the temperature without inci­dent. It was 38.5 degrees C 101 F  . “He’s got a bit of a cold,” I said. “I’ll give him an injection and leave you some sulphonamide—that’s what Mr Farnon uses in these cases.” If my final sentence reassur­ed him in any way, he gave no sign, watching dead-faced as I in­jected 10 cc of Prontosil.